Researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have made a groundbreaking advancement in nanotechnology with the development of a revolutionary nanorobot known as the NanoGripper. This innovative device, inspired by the human hand, is made from a single strand of DNA and is specifically designed to interact with viruses, including COVID-19.

The NanoGripper features a unique four-fingered design, allowing it to grasp and neutralize viral threats effectively. This dual-purpose tool is not only capable of capturing viruses for rapid detection but also works to prevent infections by blocking the entry of viruses into human cells. The implications of this technology extend beyond COVID-19, with potential applications in targeting other viruses and delivering drugs directly to cancer cells.

According to Xing Wang, the lead researcher on the project, the goal was to create a soft, nanoscale robot that could perform functions previously unseen in biomedical applications. “We wanted to make a soft material, nanoscale robot with grabbing functions that never have been seen before, to interact with cells, viruses, and other molecules for biomedical applications,” Wang explained.

The use of DNA in the design of the NanoGripper is particularly significant due to its structural properties. DNA is known for being strong, flexible, and programmable, which makes it an ideal material for constructing such intricate devices. Wang emphasized the novelty of their approach within the DNA origami field, stating, “We fold one long strand of DNA back and forth to make all of the elements, both the static and moving pieces, in one step.”

The design of the NanoGripper mimics the functionality of human hands and bird claws, featuring four flexible fingers, each with three joints. This design allows for precise movement and gripping capabilities, enabling the nanorobot to interact with target molecules in a highly customized manner. The bending angle and degree of each finger are determined by the DNA structure, allowing for tailored interactions based on the specific target.

Each of the NanoGripper’s fingers is equipped with DNA aptamers, which function as molecular locks. These aptamers are designed to recognize and bind to specific targets, such as the spike protein found on the surface of the COVID-19 virus. When the NanoGripper encounters the virus, the aptamers bind to the spike protein, effectively disabling the virus’s ability to infect cells. This binding action triggers the fingers to move and wrap around the target, neutralizing the threat.

In addition to its gripping capabilities, the NanoGripper is designed to attach to surfaces or other structures, broadening its potential applications in the biomedical field. This versatility makes it suitable for use in various contexts, including sensing and drug delivery systems.

One of the most exciting applications of the NanoGripper is its integration with a photonic crystal sensor platform, which enables a rapid COVID-19 testing method. This innovative testing approach allows for results to be obtained in just 30 minutes, matching the sensitivity of standard PCR tests while offering a significantly faster turnaround time. Brian Cunningham, a professor of computer engineering, highlighted the advantages of this testing method, stating, “Our test is very fast and simple since we detect the intact virus directly.”

The development of the NanoGripper represents a significant step forward in the field of nanomedicine and holds promise for a wide range of future applications. As researchers continue to explore the potential of this technology, the NanoGripper could pave the way for new strategies in virus detection, prevention, and treatment, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes.