Semaglutide, an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, has been making waves in the field of experimental studies, with researchers touting it as a revolutionary compound. The modest 30 amino acid incretin hormone, GLP-1, has shown significant activity, particularly in the digestive system where it encourages the pancreas to secrete more insulin, thereby reducing plasma glucose concentration.

Since the 1980s, the development and research of degradation-resistant GLP-1 receptor agonists like Exenatide, Liraglutide, and Albiglutide have been pivotal in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The growing body of research surrounding GLP-1 physiology has led to the emergence of new GLP-1 receptor agonists, with Semaglutide at the forefront of these advancements.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the extensive research conducted on Semaglutide, focusing on its activation of GLP-1 receptors and the latest findings on how both natural and synthetic ligands may impact various bodily systems, including the central nervous system and the stomach, a major source of GLP-1. It also delves into the significance of GLP-1 receptors in different organs and systems, shedding light on recent lines of inquiry and insightful assessments of these trends.

Key areas of focus in the research include biased agonism, the development of positive allosteric modulators, and the creation of small molecules and peptides. These areas aim to enhance the profile of GLP-1 receptors and their potential therapeutic implications.