Scientists have discovered a potential link between gum disease-related bacteria and colorectal cancer. The specific subtype of bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum, commonly found in gum disease, has been identified in some colorectal cancer tumors. This discovery could lead to the development of therapies targeting these bacteria to reduce the severity of certain colorectal cancers.
Colorectal cancer, affecting the colon and rectum, ranks as the fourth most common cancer in the United States. While overall rates have been declining due to improved screening techniques, there has been an increase in colorectal cancer rates among young adults. As researchers strive to comprehend the causes, the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer tumors has raised questions about its role in tumor growth.
Fusobacterium nucleatum, typically found in low levels in the mouth, can trigger inflammation, leading to gum disease. Over time, this inflammation can result in the destruction of bone and tissues supporting the teeth, potentially causing tooth loss. Studies have also suggested a connection between periodontal disease and other conditions in the body, including heart and kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, and certain cancers. However, the extent of periodontal disease’s involvement in causing these conditions remains unclear in most cases.
An NIH-funded research team led by Drs. Martha Zepeda Rivera, Susan Bullman, and Christopher D. Johnston of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center conducted a genetic comparison of Fusobacterium nucleatum from colorectal tumors and healthy mouths. The analysis of 80 strains from healthy individuals and 55 strains from colorectal cancer patients revealed that a specific subspecies of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fna, was more likely to be present in colorectal tumors. Further investigation identified two distinct types of Fna, with only one type, Fna C2, being associated with colorectal cancer.
The findings of this study, published in Nature, raise the possibility of targeting these bacteria in tumors to mitigate the severity of colorectal cancers. This research provides valuable insights into the potential role of gum disease-related bacteria in the development and progression of colorectal cancer, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
