Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in understanding the origins of neurodegenerative diseases through the analysis of ancient human DNA. The research, led by a team of international experts, has resulted in the establishment of the world’s largest gene bank of ancient human DNA, shedding light on the historical spread of genes and diseases.

The study, published in the journal Nature, involved the analysis of remains from nearly 5,000 humans who lived across western Europe and Asia up to 34,000 years ago. By comparing ancient human DNA with modern-day samples, the researchers were able to map the historical spread of genes and diseases as populations migrated.

The findings, described as ‘astounding’, have been published in four research papers in Nature and have provided new insights into debilitating disorders. The research was led by Professor Eske Willerslev at the Universities of Cambridge and Copenhagen, Professor Thomas Werge at the University of Copenhagen, and Professor Rasmus Nielsen at the University of California, Berkeley, with contributions from 175 researchers worldwide.

Key findings of the study include the startling origins of neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, the height differences between northern and southern Europeans, and the introduction of risk genes into the population in north-western Europe around 5,000 years ago, leading to higher rates of multiple sclerosis today. It was also discovered that carrying the multiple sclerosis gene was advantageous for ancient farmers as it protected them from infectious diseases from their livestock.

The study also traced genes associated with diseases such as Alzheimer’s and type 2 diabetes back to hunter-gatherers, providing valuable insights into the genetic makeup of ancient populations. The research marks a significant advance in understanding the interplay between ancient genetics and modern health, offering new perspectives on disease evolution and treatment.

Future analysis is expected to reveal more about the genetic makeup of ancient populations and its implications for modern health. The study has opened up new avenues for understanding the genetic origins of diseases and has the potential to contribute to advancements in disease prevention and treatment.