Chemical catalysis is a crucial technology with a significant impact on various aspects of daily life, including plastics manufacturing, drug synthesis, and the production of fertilizers and fuels. It is estimated that over 90% of chemical products are manufactured using catalysis in at least one stage (Catal. Today, 2011, 163(1)). Catalysis is a complex process that relies on the precise structural control of several elements at the crossroads of phase (in-)stabilities. While long-term stable catalysts are essential for promoting high-performance and efficient reactions, reactants undergo significant chemical changes, leading to the formation of final products.
In heterogeneous catalysis, catalysts and reactants exist in different phases and are often dynamic under operation. The mechanism of CH4 dry reforming on Ni has been studied by in situ microscopy and spectroscopy, revealing the formation of metastable surface nickel–oxygen structures from CO2 dissociation that exhibit different catalytic properties and induce rate oscillations.
Dry reforming of methane (DRM) has recently garnered academic attention as it converts methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), known as syngas. This process can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels by consecutively building up larger hydrocarbons via the Fischer-Tropsch chemistry. Nickel- and Cobalt-based catalysts, being low cost and highly available on Earth, have shown promising activity for DRM, but designing high-performance catalysts for this process remains a challenge.
The fundamental insights into the processes occurring at the catalyst surface have shed light on the bane and boon of oxygen mediating the performance of nickel catalysts in dry reforming of methane. The study has provided valuable information for understanding the complex dynamics of catalytic processes and paves the way for further advancements in catalysis technology.
The new innovative spectrometer OPAL-Luxe with unprecedented dynamic range has been announced as the product of the week, showcasing the continuous advancements in analytical instruments that contribute to the progress of scientific research and technological innovation.
