Research Shows Bacterium Found in the Mouth Also Present in 50% of Colorectal Cancer Tumors
New research has uncovered a significant discovery indicating that a specific subtype of a bacterium commonly found in the mouth is also prevalent in 50% of colorectal cancer tumors. The findings suggest a potential link between the bacterium and a worse prognosis for colorectal cancer patients, shedding light on potential new methods for screening, preventing, and treating the disease.
The study, recently published in the journal Nature, revealed that a strain of a bacterium commonly found in the mouth was discovered in approximately half of the colorectal tumors tested. Notably, this particular subtype appears to shield tumor cells from cancer-fighting drugs, raising concerns about its impact on treatment efficacy.
According to Christopher D. Johnston, PhD, co-lead study author and assistant professor at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, the research findings offer promise for the development of innovative approaches to combat colorectal cancer. He expressed excitement about the potential for targeting these specific bacteria as a new weapon against cancer during treatment.
Colorectal cancer cases have been on the rise, particularly among individuals under 55 years of age. Between 1995 and 2019, diagnoses in this age group surged from 11% to 20%. The American Cancer Society has projected that colorectal cancer will claim over 53,000 lives in 2024, positioning it as the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States.
How a Mouth Bacterium Affects Colorectal Cancer
Scientists have long been aware of the potential link between colorectal cancer and the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is known to cause gum disease. Previous research has indicated that individuals with higher levels of this bacterium in their colorectal tumors tend to have a poorer prognosis. Additionally, treating the bacteria with antibiotics has been shown to reduce tumor growth in mice, suggesting a potential for improved cancer outcomes through bacteria elimination.
Furthermore, studies have unveiled specific ways in which the bacterium functions, including its tendency to adhere to colorectal cancer as it spreads and its ability to invade and alter cancer cells in a manner that may support cancer growth.
For the recent study, the research team aimed to delve into the specific subtypes of Fusobacterium nucleatum associated with colorectal cancer. Johnston emphasized the importance of understanding these strains, highlighting that each one can have a unique effect on cancer. The team’s objective was to identify the genetic distinctness and special characteristics of the tumor-homing bacteria.
