Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, now called steatotic liver disease, is a common yet often overlooked health concern. It encompasses a spectrum of conditions, from the less severe metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) to the more serious metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The latter involves liver inflammation that can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, the advanced stage of liver disease.
Recent studies have revealed a rising prevalence of steatotic liver disease, with diagnoses in 30% to 46% of individuals in the United States and 25% in Canada. The risk factors include obesity, particularly central obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. While elevated liver tests like ALT are common, they are not a prerequisite for diagnosis. Typically, individuals are diagnosed in their 40s and 50s, often through ultrasound, with a biopsy recommended in certain cases.
Treatment of MASLD involves the avoidance of alcohol, as both heavy and occasional alcohol use can exacerbate the disease. Weight management is also crucial, with even individuals within the average weight range benefitting from a 5% to 7% reduction in weight. While the specific diet is less critical than achieving weight loss, crash or fad diets are discouraged due to their potential adverse effects.
It is evident that addressing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease requires a multifaceted approach, emphasizing lifestyle modifications such as alcohol cessation and weight management. By shedding light on this prevalent condition and its associated risk factors, individuals can take proactive steps towards mitigating the impact of steatotic liver disease on their health.
